Case Studies › District Cooling
Case StudyDistrict CoolingUniversity CampusClosed-Loop Chilled WaterIndependent · No Chemistry Sold

Underground leaks, EHS exposure and discharge risk resolved on a 10,000+ ton campus chilled-water loop — without shutdown

A 10,000+ ton university district cooling loop had known underground piping leaks, continuous nitrite top-up to ground, weekly manual handling of a skin-sensitizing biocide, and a deteriorating microbiological and corrosion profile. A capital pipe-replacement project was on the table — along with EPA discharge exposure of $103,445–$293,445 per day, per incident.

Unit Served
University · 10,000+ tons
Key Issue
Underground leaks · EHS · Discharge
Risk
EPA penalties $103K–$293K/day
Outcome
Shutdown & capex avoided
Value
$500K+ avoided
Challenge — What Was Happening

Continuous nitrite addition was required to replace inhibitor inventory lost to underground piping leaks — meaning nitrite-laden water was being discharged continuously to soil and groundwater, representing a potential EPA reportable incident at $103,445–$293,445 per day, per incident.

Weekly manual top-up of an Isothiazolin biocide — a known skin sensitizer — was creating splash exposure risk for maintenance staff, with inadequate engineering controls in place.

Baseline water chemistry data was trending in the wrong direction: corrosion rate 2.5 mpy (well above acceptable limits for a closed system), ATP 560 RLU indicating active microbiological growth, and nitrite inhibitor residual degrading approximately 50% over 20 days rather than holding stable.

A capital piping replacement project estimated at $500,000+ was under active consideration as the only path forward.

Intervention — What We Did

Designed a two-phase program rehabilitation inside the plant's hard constraints — no system drain, no flush, no shutdown of the cooling loop, no disruption to campus cooling service.

Phase 1: Applied a non-foaming biodispersant to progressively mobilize biofilm and corrosion deposits from pipe walls, paired with a graduated filtration step-down by pore size to capture and remove mobilized material without plugging system components.

Phase 2: Replaced the nitrite/Isothiazolin program with a non-nitrite, non-phosphate organic corrosion inhibitor — selected specifically for compatibility with the campus stormwater discharge profile and significantly safer for routine maintenance handling.

Measured Outcomes
  • Corrosion rate: 2.5 mpy → <0.1 mpy — a 25× improvement in corrosion control.
  • Microbiological: ATP 560 RLU → <10 RLU — a 56× improvement in biological control.
  • Inhibitor stability: Non-nitrite chemistry held its residual instead of degrading 50% over 20 days.
  • EHS: Skin-sensitizing Isothiazolin biocide eliminated from weekly manual handling — staff exposure removed.
  • Discharge risk: Nitrite discharge to soil and groundwater eliminated — EPA exposure removed.
$500K+
avoided — plus EPA discharge exposure removed
Capex Deferred
$500K pipe project
EPA Exposure
$103K–$293K / day removed
Corrosion
25× lower
ATP / Microbial
56× lower
Chem OPEX
Higher, fully offset by capex deferral
Closed loops get neglected — until they can't. Once corrosion, microbial activity and leaks compound, the default playbook is drain, flush, refill or full capital replacement. A first-principles review can often restore the loop in service and clear the EHS and discharge risk without the shutdown or the capital project.

Is your closed loop or district cooling system trending the wrong way?

Independent program rehabilitation design for closed chilled water, district cooling, and campus loops. No chemistry sold. No shutdown required in most cases.